How-To Guides
Step-by-step guides that teach you how to perform calculations manually.
How to Calculate Exponents: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate exponents, including positive, negative, and fractional powers. Understand the formulas with worked examples and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate Logarithms Manually: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate logarithms in any base (common, natural, or custom) using the change-of-base formula. Includes examples and pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Manually Convert Between Binary, Decimal, Octal, and Hexadecimal
Learn step-by-step how to manually convert numbers between binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal systems using formulas and worked examples.
Read guideHow to Calculate Prime Factorization: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually perform prime factorization. Break down any composite number into its prime components using trial division with a step-by-step example.
Read guideHow to Perform Long Multiplication: Step-by-Step Guide
Master long multiplication for any two large numbers. Learn the step-by-step process, including partial products, carrying, and summing to find the final result.
Read guideHow to Perform Long Division: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn long division with remainders step-by-step. Master the formula, practice with a worked example, avoid common pitfalls, and understand when to use a calculator.
Read guideHow to Round Numbers: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually round numbers to any specified decimal place. This guide covers the underlying rules, provides a worked example, and highlights common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate Percentages: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate percentages, including increases and decreases, manually. Understand the formulas, see worked examples, and avoid common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Perform Basic Arithmetic Operations Manually: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Understand formulas, see worked examples, and avoid common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Perform Core Arithmetic and Number Operations: Step-by-Step Guide
Master core arithmetic and number operations like addition, subtraction, rounding, factors, primes, and sequences with this detailed step-by-step guide.
Read guideHow to Calculate a Continued Fraction Manually: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate continued fractions for real numbers, including partial quotients, convergents, and approximations. Understand the underlying algorithm.
Read guideHow to Calculate Egyptian Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to convert any proper fraction into its Egyptian fraction representation using the Greedy Algorithm. Step-by-step manual calculation with a worked example, formula, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Solve Fraction Word Problems: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually solve fraction word problems step-by-step. Understand formulas, identify operations, and avoid common pitfalls with a worked example.
Read guideHow to Decompose a Fraction into Unit Fractions (Egyptian Method)
Learn to manually decompose any fraction into a sum of unit fractions using the greedy Egyptian method. Includes formula, example, and pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Convert Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to convert improper fractions to mixed numbers manually. Master the formula, division steps, and avoid common pitfalls with our detailed guide and example.
Read guideHow to Calculate the Golden Ratio: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate the Golden Ratio (φ ≈ 1.618) for any length or two numbers. Understand formulas, examples, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Convert Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. Understand the formula, follow a step-by-step example, and avoid common errors.
Read guideHow to Compare Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to compare two or more fractions by hand using the Least Common Denominator (LCD) method. Includes formulas, examples, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Order Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually order fractions from least to greatest or greatest to least using the common denominator method, with examples and pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate Equivalent Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate equivalent fractions by hand using multiplication and division. Understand the formulas, see worked examples, and avoid common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate the Greatest Common Factor (GCF): Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) manually using prime factorization. Step-by-step guide with examples, common pitfalls, and when to use a calculator.
Read guideHow to Calculate the Least Common Multiple (LCM): Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of integers using prime factorization. Includes formula, examples, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate the Lowest Common Denominator (LCD): Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate the Lowest Common Denominator (LCD) for fractions. Step-by-step guide with examples, formulas, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Convert a Fraction to a Percent: Step-by-Step Guide
Convert fractions to percentages manually
Read guideHow to Convert a Fraction to Decimal: Step-by-Step Guide
Convert fractions to decimals manually
Read guideMastering Mathematics: A Step-by-Step Guide
Learn maths by hand with our guide
Read guideHow to Convert a Percentage to a Fraction: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually convert any percentage to a fraction in simplest form. Follow our step-by-step guide with formulas, worked examples, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Convert Decimals to Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually convert any terminating decimal to a fraction in lowest terms, including mixed numbers. Understand the formulas, steps, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Simplify Complex Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to simplify complex fractions by hand. This guide covers formulas, a worked example, common pitfalls, and when to use a calculator.
Read guideHow to Simplify Fractions: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to simplify fractions to their lowest terms using the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) method. Step-by-step guide with examples.
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